Translation Assignment II (Sumpah Pemuda)

Analyzing techniques of translation

·         Sentence 1

Tsu : The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926, but produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia.

Tsa : Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang diadakan di Batavia, ibukota Hindia-Belanda pada tahun 1926. Kongres ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi tetapi hanya mempromosikan ide Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.

Techniques :

Transposition technique

"The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia,...". It is translated to "Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang diadakan...". There is addition "yang" which changes the form of Tsu (sentence) into Tsa (phrase).

Compensation

The words "produced no formal decision" are also translated to "tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi".  It is translated so because there it cannot be replaced in the same place as in source text.

Addition

The words "but produced no formal decisions" are translated "Kongres ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi". there is additional word "Kongres ini" as the subject of the sentence.

Reduction

The word "a" in "a united Indonesia" is not translated "sebuah", but reduced.

Generalization

"united Indonesia" is translated into "Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia" which has more general meaning.

Borrowing

congress (kongres), promote (mempromosikan), idea (ide)

·         Sentence 2

Tsu : In October 1928, the second Indonesian congress was held at three different locations.

Tsa : Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada bulan Oktober 1928, diadakanlah kongres pemuda Indonesia kedua yang dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi yang berbeda.

Techniques :

Generalization

"In October 1928" is translated to "Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada bulan Oktober 1928" which make the meaning clearer.

Reduction

"The second Indonesian congress" is omitted.

Addition

"was held at three different locations" is translated to "yang dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi bereda". There is additional word "yang".

Borrowing

congress (kongres), location (lokasi).

·         Sentence 3

Tsu : In the first session, the hope was expressed that the congress would inspire the feeling of unity.

Tsa : Pada sesi pertama, terungkaplah harapan bahwa kongres itu sebaiknya menginspirasi rasa persatuan

Techniques :

Modulation

"the hope was expressed" is translated to "terungkaplah harapan" which changes the point of view.

Borrowing

session (sesi), congress (kongres).

·         Sentence 4

Tsu : The second session saw discussion about educational issues.

Tsa : Pada sesi kedua diadakan diskusi tentang isu-isu pendidikan, ...

Techniques :

Modulation

There is a changing of point of view which translates the sentence in Tsa into passive (diadakan)

Discursive creation

The word "saw" is not translated into "melihat", but diadakan. Is is out of context.

·         Sentence 5

Tsu :In the third and final session, held at Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, on October 28 participants heard the future Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya by Wage Rudolf Supratman.

Tsa : ..., sedangkan pada sesi ketiga dan sebagai sesi terakhir, yang diadakan di Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, pada tanggal 28 Oktober, semua peserta mendengarkan lagu kebangsaan Indonesia “Indonesia Raya”, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat, yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman.

Techniques :

Addition

There is additional word "sedangkan" and "sebagai" in the beginning of the sentence of Tsa. The word "yang" in "yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman" is also an addition since Tsu only provides word "by".

Description

"Indonesian national anthem" is translated into "Indonesia Raya, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat, ..." which provides more details.

·         Sentence 6

Tsu : The congress closed with a reading of youth pledge.

Tsa : Kongres ditutup dengan pembacaan Sumpah Pemuda.

Technique :

Modulation

"The congress closed with" is translated into passive "kongres ditutup".

Reduction

The word "a" is omitted in Tsa.

Tsu : Youth Pledge

Tsa : Sumpah Pemuda

Technique :

Literal

Youth Pledge is translated word for word based on the syntactic pattern. "sumpah pemuda" is used rather tna "pemuda sumpah" because the pattern of Indonesian is DM (diterangkan menerangkan).

·         Sentence 7

Tsu : Firstly

We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.

Tsa : Pertama

Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.

Techniques :

Transposition

"the sons and daughters" is translated into "poetra dan poetri". The form of plural is ignored. 

Adaptation

The words "acknowledge one motherland" are translated into "mengaku bertoempah darah jang satoe" rather than "mengaku satu tanah air".

·         Sentence 8

Tsu : Secondly

We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.

Tsa : Kedoea

Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.

Techniques :

Transposition

"the sons and daughters" is translated into "poetra dan poetri". The form of plural is ignored. 

Estabilished equivalent

The sentence is translated using equivalent form in the TL.

·         Sentence 9

Tsu : Thirdly

We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian.

Tsa : Ketiga

Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia.

Techniques :

Transposition

"the sons and daughters" is translated into "poetra dan poetri". The form of plural is ignored. 

Estabilished equivalent

The sentence is translated using equivalent form in the TL.