Analyzing techniques of translation
·
Sentence
1
Tsu : The first Indonesian youth
congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926,
but produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united
Indonesia.
Tsa : Kongres Pemuda
Indonesia pertama yang diadakan di Batavia, ibukota Hindia-Belanda pada tahun
1926. Kongres ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi tetapi hanya mempromosikan
ide Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
Techniques
:
Transposition technique
"The
first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia,...".
It is translated to "Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang
diadakan...". There is addition "yang" which changes
the form of Tsu (sentence) into Tsa (phrase).
Compensation
The
words "produced no formal decision" are also translated to
"tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi". It is translated so
because there it cannot be replaced in the same place as in source text.
Addition
The
words "but produced no formal decisions" are translated "Kongres
ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi". there is additional word
"Kongres ini" as the subject of the sentence.
Reduction
The
word "a" in "a united Indonesia" is not translated
"sebuah", but reduced.
Generalization
"united
Indonesia" is translated into "Negara Kesatuan Republik
Indonesia" which has more general meaning.
Borrowing
congress
(kongres), promote (mempromosikan), idea (ide)
·
Sentence
2
Tsu : In October 1928, the second
Indonesian congress was held at three different locations.
Tsa : Dua tahun kemudian
tepatnya pada bulan Oktober 1928, diadakanlah kongres pemuda Indonesia kedua
yang dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi yang berbeda.
Techniques
:
Generalization
"In
October 1928" is translated to "Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada
bulan Oktober 1928" which make the meaning clearer.
Reduction
"The
second Indonesian congress" is omitted.
Addition
"was
held at three different locations" is translated to "yang
dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi bereda". There is additional word
"yang".
Borrowing
congress
(kongres), location (lokasi).
·
Sentence
3
Tsu : In the first session, the
hope was expressed that the congress would inspire the feeling of unity.
Tsa : Pada sesi pertama,
terungkaplah harapan bahwa kongres itu sebaiknya menginspirasi rasa persatuan
Techniques
:
Modulation
"the
hope was expressed" is translated to "terungkaplah harapan"
which changes the point of view.
Borrowing
session
(sesi), congress (kongres).
·
Sentence
4
Tsu : The second session saw
discussion about educational issues.
Tsa : Pada sesi kedua
diadakan diskusi tentang isu-isu pendidikan, ...
Techniques
:
Modulation
There
is a changing of point of view which translates the sentence in Tsa into
passive (diadakan)
Discursive
creation
The
word "saw" is not translated into "melihat", but diadakan.
Is is out of context.
·
Sentence
5
Tsu :In the third and final session, held at Jalan Kramat Raya
No, 126, on October 28 participants heard the future Indonesian national anthem
Indonesia Raya by Wage Rudolf Supratman.
Tsa : ..., sedangkan pada
sesi ketiga dan sebagai sesi terakhir, yang diadakan di Jalan Kramat Raya No,
126, pada tanggal 28 Oktober, semua peserta mendengarkan lagu kebangsaan
Indonesia “Indonesia Raya”, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat,
yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman.
Techniques :
Addition
There is additional word "sedangkan" and
"sebagai" in the beginning of the sentence of Tsa. The word
"yang" in "yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman" is
also an addition since Tsu only provides word "by".
Description
"Indonesian national anthem" is translated into
"Indonesia Raya, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat, ..."
which provides more details.
·
Sentence 6
Tsu : The congress closed with a
reading of youth pledge.
Tsa : Kongres ditutup dengan
pembacaan Sumpah Pemuda.
Technique
:
Modulation
"The
congress closed with" is translated into passive "kongres
ditutup".
Reduction
The
word "a" is omitted in Tsa.
Tsu : Youth Pledge
Tsa : Sumpah Pemuda
Technique
:
Literal
Youth
Pledge is translated word for word based on the syntactic pattern. "sumpah
pemuda" is used rather tna "pemuda sumpah" because the pattern
of Indonesian is DM (diterangkan menerangkan).
·
Sentence
7
Tsu : Firstly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one
motherland, Indonesia.
Tsa : Pertama
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah
air Indonesia.
Techniques :
Transposition
"the
sons and daughters" is translated into "poetra dan poetri". The
form of plural is ignored.
Adaptation
The
words "acknowledge one motherland" are translated into "mengaku
bertoempah darah jang satoe" rather than "mengaku satu tanah
air".
·
Sentence
8
Tsu : Secondly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of
Indonesia.
Tsa : Kedoea
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa
Indonesia.
Techniques :
Transposition
"the sons and daughters" is translated into
"poetra dan poetri". The form of plural is ignored.
Estabilished
equivalent
The
sentence is translated using equivalent form in the TL.
·
Sentence 9
Tsu : Thirdly
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity,
Indonesian.
Tsa : Ketiga
Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa
Indonesia.
Techniques
:
Transposition
"the sons and daughters" is translated into "poetra
dan poetri". The form of plural is ignored.
Estabilished equivalent
The sentence is translated using equivalent form in the TL.
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